What are biopsies?
A biopsy is the removal of tissue in order to examine it for disease. The tissue samples can be taken from any part of the body. Biopsies are performed in several different ways. Some biopsies involve removing a small amount of tissue with a needle while others involve surgically removing an entire lump, or nodule, that is suspicious.
Often, the tissue is removed by placing a needle through the skin (percutaneously) to the area of abnormality. Biopsies can be safely performed with imaging guidance such as ultrasound, x-ray, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These types of imaging are used to determine exactly where to place the needle and perform the biopsy.
What are some common uses of the procedure?
When a nodule is detected, imaging tests may be performed to help determine if it is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). If imaging studies cannot clearly define the abnormality, a biopsy may be necessary.
Usually, a biopsy is performed to examine tissue for disease. Biopsies are frequently used to diagnose cancer, but they can help identify other conditions such as infections and autoimmune disorders. They may also be done to match organ tissue before a transplant.
Biopsies are performed in many areas of the body and for many reasons. The following is a list of common biopsy types and why they may be necessary:
- Stereotactic (mammographically-guided)
- Ultrasound-guided
- MRI-guided
Almost any organ can be biopsied, including the bladder, heart, neck, prostate, parathyroid glands, etc.
How should I prepare?
Most needle biopsies are performed in an outpatient setting with minimal preparation necessary. When you schedule your biopsy appointment, you will receive detailed instructions about preparation for the biopsy procedure.
If you are having a needle or surgical biopsy, ask your health care provider if you need to stop taking any medications before the procedure.
You may be instructed not eat or drink for eight hours before your biopsy. However, you may take your routine medications with sips of water. If you are diabetic and take insulin, you should talk to your doctor as your usual insulin dose may need to be adjusted.
Prior to a needle biopsy, you should report to your doctor all medications that you are taking, including herbal supplements, and if you have any allergies, especially to anesthesia. Your physician may advise you to stop taking aspirin or a blood thinner for a specific period of time before your procedure.
